Renaissance

Latar belakang timbulnya Renaissance jika dilihat dari beberapa aspek adalah kondisi sosial, budaya, politik, dan ekonomi Abad Pertengahan.

Kondisi sosial

Saat itu kehidupan masyarakat Eropa sangat terikat pada doktrin gereja. Segala kegiatan kehidupan ditujukan untuk akhirat. Masyarakat kehilangan kebebasan untuk menentukan pribadinya, dan kehilangan harga dirinya. Kehidupan manusia tidak tenteram karena senantiasa diintip oleh intelijen gereja, sehingga menimbulkan sikap saling mencurigai dalam masyarakat.

Kondisi budaya

Terjadi pembatasan kebebasan seni dalam arti bahwa seni hanya tentang tokoh-tokoh Injil dan kehebatan gereja. Semua kreasi seni ditujukan kepada kehidupan akhirat sehingga budaya tidak berkembang. Demikian pula dalam bidang ilmu pengetahuan karena segala kebenaran hanya kebenaran gereja.

Kondisi politik

Raja yang secara teoritis merupakan pusat kekuasaan politik dalam negara, kenyataannya hanya menjadi juru damai. Kekuasaan politik ada pada kelompok bangsawan dan kelompok gereja. Keduanya memiliki pasukan militer yang sewaktu-waktu dapat digunakan untuk melancarkan ambisinya. Adakalanya kekuatan militer kaum bangsawan dan kaum gereja lebih kuat dari kekuatan militer milik raja.

Kondisi ekonomi

Berlaku sistem ekonomi tertutup, yang menguasai perekonomian hanya golongan penguasa. Kondisi-kondisi di atas menyebabkan masyarakat Eropa terkungkung dan tidak memiliki harga diri yang layak sebagai manusia. Oleh karena itu timbullah upaya-upaya untuk keluar dari keadaan tersebut.

Perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi akibat upaya untuk keluar dari kondisi Abad Pertengahan menjadi latar belakang langsung munculnya Renaissance, sebagai berikut:

Kehidupan sosial masyarakat Eropa yang tidak lagi mau terbelenggu oleh ikatan gereja. Mereka memalingkan diri dari kehidupan akhirat kepada keduniaan sehingga pengaruh gereja merosot. Kehidupan materialistis semakin berkembang mendesak kehidupan keagamaan.

Masyarakat berlomba-lomba memasuki kawasan kota dagang dan kota industri, menjadi buruh dengan tujuan berusaha merubah kehidupan ekonomi ke arah yang lebih baik. Petani-petani yang pada Abad Pertengahan setia mengerjakan tanah para bangswan feodal, kini hilang berganti dengan golongan masyarakat baru yang disebut buruh pabrik. Seiring dengan laju urbanisasi, berubah pula fungsi kota dari fungsi politis menjadi juga pusat perdagangan dan industri. Munculnya kaum borjuis sebagai kelompok baru yang kaya dan mampu menyaingi kaum bangsawan. Kelompok borjuis yang menguasai perdagangan tidak suka pada kelompok bangsawan dan gereja, sehingga hanya mau membayar pajak kepada raja. Akhirnya raja kembali memegang kekuasaan politik tertinggi yang ditaati perintahnya oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Naskah-naskah ilmu pengetahuan Yunani dan Romawi Kuno dijumpai kembali oleh masyarakat Barat, dibawa oleh ilmuwan yang lari dari Konstantinopel ke Italia setelah Konstantinopel jatuh ke tangan Turki. Timbulnya kota-kota dagang yang makmur akibat perdagangan mengubah perasaan pesimistis (zaman Abad Pertengahan) menjadi optimistis. Hal ini juga menyebabkan dihapuskannya sistem stratifikasi sosial masyarakat agraris yang feodalistik. Maka kebebasan untuk melepaskan diri dari ikatan feodal menjadi masyarakat yang bebas. Termasuk kebebasan untuk melepaskan diri dari ikatan agama sehingga menemukan dirinya sendiri dan menjadi fokus pada kemajuan diri sendiri. Antroposentrisme menjadi pandangan hidup dengan humanisme menjadi pegangan sehari-hari. Selain itu adanya dukungan dari keluarga saudagar kaya semakin menggelorakan semangat Renaissance sehingga menyebar ke seluruh Italia dan Eropa.

Apa itu Renaisancce ?? Renaisancce adalah suatu periode sejarah yang mencapai titik puncaknya kurang lebih pada tahun 1500 atau sekitar abad 15 dan 16 M. Perkataan "renaisans" berasal dari bahasa Perancis renaissance yang artinya adalah "Lahir Kembali" atau "Kelahiran Kembali". Yang dimaksudkan biasanya adalah kelahiran kembali budaya klasik terutama budaya Yunani kuno dan budaya Romawi kuno. Namun zaman sekarang hal ini bisa menyangkut segala hal.

Masa ini ditandai oleh kehidupan yang cemerlang di bidang seni, pemikiran maupun kesusastraan yang mengeluarkan Eropa dari kegelapan intelektual abad pertengahan. Masa Renaissance bukan suatu perpanjangan yang berkembang secara alami dari abad pertengahan, melainkan sebuah revolusi budaya, suatu reaksi terhadap kakunya pemikiran serta tradisi Abad pertengahan.

Dilihat dari definisinya, kata "renaissance" menyiratkan sebuah pembangunan kembali atau kebangkitan. Periode yang dikenal sebagai renaissance dipandang sebagai sebagai penemuan kembali cerahnya peradaban Yunani dan Romawi (yang dianggap sebagai "klasik") ketika keduanya mengalami masa keemasan. Faktanya, sekalipun semasa Renaissance banyak orang membaca kesusasteraan klasik dan mempertimbangkan kembali pemikiran klasik, esensi yang sebenarnya dari renaissance adalah lahirnya banyak pembaharuan maupun penciptaan. Universitas tumbuh menjamur di seantro Eropa, dan penyebaran gagasan tiba-tiba muncul serempak.

Zaman renaissance ini sering juga di sebut sebagai zaman humanisme. Maksud ungkapan ini adalah manusia diangkat dari abad pertengahan. Pada abad pertengahan itu manusia dianggap kurang dihargai sebagai manusia. Kebenaran diukur berdasarkan ukuran dari gereja (kristen), bukan menurut ukuran yang dibuat oleh manusia. Humanisme menghendaki ukuran haruslah dari manusia. Karena manusia mempunyai kemampuan berfikir, maka humanisme menganggap manusia mampu mengatur dirinya dan dunia. Jadi ciri utama renaissance adalah humanisme, individualisme lepas dari Agama (tidak mau di atur oleh agama), empirisme (zaman kebebasan dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan) dan rasionalisme (kebebasan dalam mengembangkan fikiran).



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Hak persamaan di muka hukum

A. Kasus-kasus Pelanggaran Hukum

Masih ingatkah anda dengan kasus yang menimpa nenek Minah yang dituduh mencuri 3 kilogram kakao, padahal kenyataannya beliau hanya mngambil 3 buah kakao yang telah jatuh dari pohonnya Wanita berusia 55 tahun itu adalah warga Dusun Sidohar-jo Desa Darmakradenan, Kecamatan Ajibarang, Kabupaten Banyumas, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Ulahnya yang mencuri tiga butir kakao di kebun milik PT Rumpun Sari Antam senilai Rp 2.000,00 pada Agustus 2008 telah membuatnya harus berurusan dengan hukum. Majelis hakim menjatuhkan vonis 1 bulan 15 hari kurungan penjara, serta masa percobaan 30 hari. Putusan itu muncul di tengah sengkarut kasus korupsi mega miliar di Jakarta, Bank Century. Spontan muncul tanda tanya besar di benak publik. Mengapa aparat penegak hukum kita begitu cepat dan responsif menangani kasus pencurian seperti yang dilakukan Nenek Minah, sementara kasus pencurian uang negara alias korupsi yang melibatkan pejabat negara begitu sulit terungkap?

Masih banyak kasus-kasus seperti diatas yang kebanyakan menimpa rakyat kecil. Sebut saja kasus pencurian buah semangka yang hanya satu buah dan berbuntut ke meja hijau. Begitu mudahnya aparat hukum memvonisnya. Namun, mengapa aparat kurang responsive untuk menindak para koruptor. Sungguh ironis memang, Negara yang menjunjung tinggi hukum seperti republic Indonesia ini ternyata hukum-hukum yang trecantum dalam pasal-pasal tersebut tidak berlaku bagi rakyat kecil?

Lantas, untuk apa pasal-pasal tersebut dibuat kalau tidak memihak pada seluruh rakyat di Indonesia?

Dengan alasan menegakkan hukum positif, aparat hukum begitu cepat dan tangkas menjerat si miskin. Hukum terasa kaku, kejam, dan menakutkan bagi rakyat kecil. Terlebih dengan segala keterbatasan mereka tidak mampu membayar pembela hukum layaknya para koruptor.

Aparat penegak hukum terlihat sangat konsisten bila mengusut bahkan memenjarakan warga miskin, bahkan tak jarang juga menggunakan pasal tindak pidana secara berlebihan. Tapi bagaimana dengan perlakuan terhadap para koruptor, para perampok uang negara, para penyalah guna wewenang dan kekuasaan? Bahkan dalam beberapa kasus para koruptor hanya mendapatkan hukuman percobaan dengan alasan kerugian yang ditimbulkan sudah dikembalikan.

Sementara perlakuan berbeda berlaku para para pejabat dan koruptor kakap yang terindikasi merugikan keuangan negara. Aparat penegak hukum sering terlihat “salah tingkah” saat berhadapan dengan para pejabat dan pemilik akses ekonomi dan politik. Hukum tiba-tiba menjadi rumit dan berliku ketika berhadapan dengan para pejabat atau pengusaha. Gerakan penegak hukum pun terasa begitu lamban jika menghadapi mereka. Salah satu contoh, Anggodo Widjojo, yang diduga merekayasa proses hukum lewat percakapannya melalui telepon berkaitan dengan kasus dugaan penyuapan KPK masih bebas berkeliaran. Lainnya Anggoro Widjojo, tersangka korupsi pengadaan radio komunikasi di Departemen Kehutanan, sampai hari ini masih tak tersentuh hukum.

Idealnya dalam negara hukum (rechtsstaat) negara mengakui dan melindungi hak asasi manusia setiap individu. Pengakuan negara terhadap hak individu ini tersirat di dalam persamaan kedudukan di hadapan hukum bagi semua orang. Dalam suatu negara hukum semua orang harus diperlakukan sama di hadapan hukum (equality before the law). Persamaan di hadapan hukum harus diimbangi juga dengan persamaan perlakuan (equal treatment).

Namun prakteknya, konflik antara suatu kepentingan dan kepentingan lain yang berposisi sebagai antitesisnya. Seperti kita ketahui banyak faktor di luar hukum yang turut menentukan bagaimana hukum senyatanya dijalankan. Hukum yang dituliskan (law in abstracto) tidak selalu sama dengan hukum dalam praktek (law in concreto). Hukum dalam prakteknya sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor di luar hukum (extra-legal factors). Hukum, meski dipercaya memiliki nilai-nilai dan makna yang maha penting dalam menata kehidupan sosial, ia tetap sebagai hasil dari pergesakan dan tarik-menarik representasi politik, ekonomi yang memiliki kekuasaan tertentu dalam memengaruhinya.

Sungguh disayangkan memang, contoh-contoh kasus diatas tidak sesuai dengan apa yang tercantum dalam pasal 28 D ayat 1, yang berbunyi : “Setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum.

B. Persamaan Dihadapan Hukum

Dalam negara hukum, negara mengakui dan melindungi hak asasi manusia setiap individu tanpa membedakan latar belakangnya, sehingga semua orang memiliki hak untuk diperlakukan sama di hadapan hukum (equality before the law).

Persamaan dihadapan hukum atau equality before the law adalah salah satu asas terpenting dalam hukum modern. Asas ini menjadi salah satu sendi doktrin Rule of Law yang juga menyebar pada negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Perundang-undangan Indonesia mengadopsi asas ini sejak masa kolonial lewat Burgelijke Wetboek (KUHPerdata) dan Wetboek van Koophandel voor Indonesie (KUHDagang) pada 30 April 1847 melalui Stb. 1847 No. 23. Tapi pada masa kolonial itu, asas ini tidak sepenuhnya diterapkan karena politik pluralisme hukum yang memberi ruang berbeda bagi hukum Islam dan hukum adat disamping hukum kolonial.

Persamaan di hadapan hukum harus diartikan secara dinamis dan tidak diartikan secara statis. Artinya, kalau ada persamaan di hadapan hukum bagi semua orang maka harus diimbangi juga dengan persamaan perlakuan (equal treatment) bagi semua orang. Jika ada dua orang bersengketa datang ke hadapan hakim, maka mereka harus diperlakukan sama oleh hakim tersebut (audi et alteram partem).

Persamaan di hadapan hukum yang diartikan secara dinamis ini dipercayai akan memberikan jaminan adanya akses untuk memperoleh keadilan (access to justice) bagi semua orang tanpa memperdulikan latar belakangnya. Menurut Aristoteles, keadilan harus dibagikan oleh negara kepada semua orang, dan hukum yang mempunyai tugas menjaganya agar keadilan sampai kepada semua orang tanpa kecuali. Apakah orang mampu atau fakir miskin, mereka sama untuk memperoleh akses kepada keadilan.

Perolehan pembelaan dari seorang advokat atau pembela umum (access to legal counsel) adalah hak asasi manusia yang sangat mendasar bagi setiap orang dan oleh karena itu merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh keadilan bagi semua orang (justice for all). Kalau seorang yang mampu mempunyai masalah hukum, ia dapat menunjuk seorang atau lebih advokat untuk membela kepentingannya. Sebaliknya seorang yang tergolong tidak mampu juga harus memperoleh jaminan untuk meminta pembelaan dari seorang atau lebih pembela umum (public defender) sebagai pekerja di lembaga bantuan hukum (legal aid institute) untuk membela kepentingannya dalam suatu perkara hukum. Tidak adil kiranya bilamana orang yang mampu saja yang dapat memperoleh pembelaan oleh advokat dalam menghadapi masalah hukum. Sedangkan fakir miskin tidak memperoleh pembelaan hanya karena tidak sanggup membayar uang jasa (fee) seorang advokat yang tidak terjangkau oleh mereka. Kalau ini sampai terjadi maka asas persamaan di hadapan hukum tidak tercapai.

Selain itu fakir miskin yang frustrasi dan tidak puas karena tidak memperoleh pembelaan dari organisasi bantuan hukum akan mudah terperangkap dalam suatu gejolak sosial (social upheaval) antara lain melakukan kekerasan, huru-hara, dan pelanggaran hukum sebagaimana dinyatakan Von Briesen sebagai berikut:

“Legal aid was vital because it keeps the poor satisfied, because it establishes and protects their rights; it produces better workingmen and better workingwomen, better house servants; it antagonizes the tendency toward communism; it is the best argument against the socialist who cries that the poor have no rights which the rich are bound to respect.”

Keadaan ini tentunya tidak nyaman bagi semua orang karena masih melihat fakir miskin di sekitarnya yang masih frustrasi. Melihat kepada kondisi sekarang, fakir miskin belum dapat memperoleh bantuan hukum secara memadai, walaupun pada tahun 2003 Undang-Undang Advokat telah diundangkan. Undang-Undang Advokat ini memang mengakui bantuan hukum sebagai suatu kewajiban advokat, namun tidak menguraikan lebih lanjut apa yang dimaksud dengan bantuan hukum dan bagaimana memperolehnya. Yang terjadi selama ini adalah adanya kesemrawutan dalam konsep bantuan hukum dalam bentuk ada kantor-kantor advokat yang mengaku sebagai lembaga bantuan hukum tetapi sebenarnya berpraktik komersial dan memungut fee, yang menyimpang dari konsep pro bono publico yang sebenarnya merupakan kewajiban dari advokat. Selain kantor advokat mengaku sebagai organisasi bantuan hukum juga ada organisasi bantuan hukum yang berpraktik komersial dengan memungut fee untuk pemberian jasa kepada kliennya dan bukan diberikan kepada fakir miskin secara pro bono publico.

Kesemrawutan pemberian bantuan hukum yang terjadi selama ini adalah karena belum adanya konsep bantuan hukum yang jelas. Untuk mengatasi kesemrawutan tersebut maka perlu dibentuk suatu undang-undang bantuan hukum yang mengatur secara jelas, tegas, dan terperinci mengenai apa fungsi bantuan hukum, organisasi bantuan hukum, tata cara untuk memperoleh bantuan hukum, siapa yang memberikan, siapa yang berhak memperoleh bantuan hukum, dan kewajiban negara untuk menyediakan dana bantuan hukum sebagai tanggung jawab konstitusional. Keberadaan undang-undang bantuan hukum digunakan untuk merekayasa masyarakat c.q. fakir miskin agar mengetahui hak-haknya dan mengetahui cara memperoleh bantuan hukum.

C. Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat

Salah satu asas hukum acara pidana yang paling penting adalah bahwa setiap orang yang berpekara dalam persidangan wajib diberikan bantuan hukum. Hal ini demi menjamin hak-hak orang tersebut dalam melakukan pembelaan dipersidangan. Secara umum ketentuan bantuan hukum sudah cukup baik. Namun dalam hal pelaksanaan bantuan hukum kepada orang yang tidak mampu masih mengalami beberapa kendala. Sebagai wujud kewajiban Negara dalam melindungi warga negaranya, maka sudah seharusnya Negara juga memiliki kewajiban terhadap warga negaranya yang tersangkut masalah dalam proses peradilan dan tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk membela kepentingannya seorang diri. Negara Indonesia yang menganut paham sebagai Negara kesejahteraan, yaitu Negara menjamin kesejahteraan setiap warga negaranya maka sudah seharusnya Negara wajib menjamin hak-hak orang tidak mampu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hukum nya. Kewajiban Negara untuk memberikan bantuan hukum khususnya kepada mereka yang tidak mampu merupakan bagian yang penting karena hal tersebut telah diamanatkan oleh konstitusional.

Bantuan hukum bukanlah semata-mata pro bono publico work tetapi merupakan suatu kewajiban advokat (duty or obligation). Adalah hak orang miskin untuk memperoleh pembelaan dari advokat atau pembela umum yang bekerja untuk organisasi bantuan hukum.

Sebagai pengakuan hak individu (individual right) maka prinsip persamaan di hadapan hukum (equality before the law) dijamin dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Kalau tidak ada persamaan di hadapan hukum maka sebenarnya hak individu itu sama sekali tidak ada. Persamaan di hadapan hukum tidak mengenal pengecualian seperti jabatan, kedudukan, latar belakang, asal-usul, immunitas, strata sosial-ekonomi, kaya-miskin, ras, etnik, warna kulit, keturunan, budaya dan lain-lain.

Siapa pun harus dianggap sama di hadapan hukum: dapat dituntut di muka hukum, diinterogasi, diselidik, disidik, didakwa, dituntut, ditahan, dihukum, dipenjara dan segala perlakuan hukum yang dibenarkan secara hukum. Semua itu demi tercapainya keadilan (justice).

Kalau orang mampu menyewa dan menunjuk advokat, maka orang miskin pun harus dijamin dalam sistem hukum untuk menunjuk seorang advokat atau pembela umum secara cuma-cuma. Inilah yang dikenal sebagai akses kepada advokat atau pembela umum (access to legal counsel). Pembelaan bagi orang miskin adalah kewajiban bagi advokat dalam rangka aplikasi persamaan dihadapan hukum, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan.

Akhirnya keadilan itu ditujukan bagi semua orang (justice for all) dan bukan orang atau kelompok tertentu. Izin presiden bagi anggota DPR, gubernur atau menteri adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip persamaan di hadapan hukum. Sikap mengenyampingkan persamaan di hadapan hukum dengan memberi kekecualian, privilege, immunitas dan segala bentuk alasan merupakan pengkhianatan terhadap pengakuan atas hak dan kebebasan individu.



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Contoh Pidato Bahasa Inggris

Contoh Pidato tentang Pendidikan

a.Greeting

Honorable, the principle of SMP / SMA.....

Unforgetable, all teachers and my friends in this best school

Standing over here, I would like to give my greatest thanks to Allah the Almighty, Who has been giving me and you all His Mercies and Blessings without stopping days to days, hours to hours, even seconds to seconds. Without those all, we will never be here to listen my short but important speech. Then,  Sholawat be to Muhammad, our messenger who has given us many teachings to live in this world and hereafter.

I would like to give a short speech about the important of learning English. 

I don’t want to talk too much how important English is because all of us have known why we learn much English in the class. I don’t think that learning English is just to know how to read and understand operating Handphone, computer, and many gadgets which all of them are usually operated in English. I just convince you all that English is regarded important because it gives us opportunity to open the closed thing in this world.

A lot of things are being closed because we don’t understand how to open it. By understanding English, I do believe that we can open what we haven’t opened yet. For instances, how to make peace in this world? I do believe that peace in this world will only be achieved through discussion. Wars can fight against wars because peace will never be gained by wars. Yes, only honest discussion we will find the peace.

Furthermore, without English, the discussion is closed. Therefore, we should understand English to open the discussion. It is enough. Don’t talk too much we can gain peace without knowing how to discuss in English to stop the war in the world, do you?

PENUTUP PIDATO

Finally, I do hope that we can open all closed things in this world by knowing, understanding and practicing English. Let us start now because tomorrow the war may be over here.

Thanks for your participation, the final words…

والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتة

 

Naskah pidato bahasa inggris tentang pergaulan bebas

Assalamuallaikum Wr.Wb.(rima)
The honourable,
The judge of English speech contest,
The teacher, brother and sister, and all of the participants of English Speech contest, good morning.
May I tell you, first of all how pleased I’m to have an opportunity to stand here and deliver a speech in front of you. My speech title is …
SEX EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
Teenagers are the most important part of the growth of the country. They are the new generation. However there are many teenagers have been depraved. They run to drugs, commit suicide free sex, drink alcohol, smoking, etc. Those are spreading in teenagers’ life. And the most popular problem is free sex. Many teenagers think that sex before married is proper. We know that it is very bad for them. There are many bad effect of free sex. Such as, we can suffer from HIV/AIDS and then the pregnancy for the girls. It will damage their future.
Teenagers must be given sex education especially at school. The need of comprehension about human sexuality in teenagers’ life must be fulfilled. They must know about free sex life and the sex crime that often happened. They must aware about responsibility of their self. They should get much information about sexuality rightly for them. The information can be given by sex education at school. The teachers can describe sex for the students in order that the teenagers will avoid sex before married.
School is good mediator in giving sex education for the teenagers. School has good condusif situation. School and the teachers are the second circle after the family. It will be better if the teachers hold an event like seminar with a doctor as the speaker. In order that the teenagers can get sex education deeply and give them the aim of sexual activity correctly. With sex education, the teenagers will be careful in doing something about sex. Although they know about how to avoid the pregnancy, put virginity is very important for the woman. Sex before married just makes us fall into a trap. There are some aims of sex education for the teenagers. Which are they can understand that sexuality as the part of life. They also know about the consequences of un-responsible sex activity.
So, sex education is very needed for the teenagers. Starting now, sex education must be given to them. And for sure, the teenagers that fall into free sex. Drugs, alcohol, etc just a few part of many teenagers that want to study hard, and avoiding free sex.
Finally, I would like to convoy my highest appreciation. And heart felt thanks to the distinguished participants and the speakers of English speech contest today. Thank you for your kind attention, and
Wassalamuallaikum Wr.Wb

 

Contoh pidato Tentang Bahaya Narkoba

Good Morning Ladies And Gentlements. Thank for the chance that has been given to me. My name is Tascia.. I’m representative ….. The honorable . mr…….. …. …. And all the young generation that present here.
Ladies and Gentlements,
Thousands of young men have wasted their lives because of illicit drugs in our country, Indonesia. They were mostly victims of a ‘cruel’ environment, a broken-home family, of ignorance, of curiosity or particularly of the illegal drugs mafia. It is estimated that around 4 million people in Indonesia illicit drug users – about one in every 50 Indonesians. In the capital city of Jakarta, it is estimated that three out of ten young people are users. A study by the International Labor Organization (ILO) office in Indonesia showed that around four per cent of illicit drug users in the country are children under 17 years old. Two out of ten users are involved in illicit trafficking. Some teenagers start being involved in producing and trafficking drugs between the ages of 13 and 15. Chairman of the National Narcotics Coordinating Board said that the country’s illicit drug users include around 7,000 junior high school students, over 10,000 senior high school students and about 800 elementary school students.

Ladies and Gentlements

People usually take drugs to have fun or escape the pressures of life. Drug users among students are particularly worrying. It was reported that a number of traffickers operate around schools by cheating, forcing or giving free illicit drugs to students. Once the students are addicted, they then go to the traffickers to buy the illicit drugs. If they do not have money, they steal it from their family members or others. Narkoba’ is the Indonesian term for narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances. Psychotropic substances popularly called Ecstasy and Shabu-shabu are considered favorites among the middle and upper class users. However, for an increasing number of young people, the drug of choice is low-grade heroin, known as putaw, which is cheap, plentiful, but potentially deadly. These drugs are readily available in all major urban areas, including schools, Karaoke lounges, bars, cafes, discotheques, nightclubs, and they even spread into remote villages. Therefore it is not surprising that drug users continue to increase from year to year.

Ladies And Gentlements

The facts above showed us how familiar “Narkoba” issues In our young generation. First we should know what’s the meaning of drugs addiction? Drug addiction is a complex brain disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative consequences. Drug seeking becomes compulsive, in large part as a result of the effects of prolonged drug use on brain functioning and, thus, on behavior. For many people, drug addiction becomes chronic, with relapses possible even after long periods of abstinence. The Definition confirm us how serious the consequences of using Drugs.

Ladies and Gentlements

Drug abuse has also contributed to the increase of HIV/AIDS patients, through the usage of unsterile injections. According to a report based on an illicit drug and injection safety study of 20 Asian countries conducted by the Center for Harm Reduction in Australia’s Burnet Institute, drug injecting is spreading to all the countries [of Asia] and its popularity is increasing. Our Country, Indonesia have up to 1 million drug injectors, and 19% of them were infected HIV/AIDS. How Dangerous the drugs abuse for us.

Ladies and Gentlements especially,The young Generation

This is an extremely serious issue for us. It’s a threat that could kill an entire generation. One generation of this nation will be lost if we do not take action together and immediately. In short, we must be ready to go to war against illicit drugs and the war must start from home.

then, what can we do as the young generation? Prevention is better than cure. AVOID the Drugs, don’t ever think to try just b’coz you curios. because once you try, you will be trapped and later become addicted, and the addiction will finally turn you into criminals or take your lives. We have so many example around us, what happened to the users. Some b’come crazy, Some was going to the jail, And The others were died. All of them loose their future. I believe we don’t want such things happened to ourselves.

The Young Generation,

Now its time for us to say ‘NO’ to drugs. It’s time for us to arrange our future. It’s time for us to face the world with our ability. It’s time for us to prove that we can do something for our country, With The spirit of ‘Indonesian Awakening Day’.

Thank you.

 

Contoh Pidato Bahasa Inggris Tentang Global Warming

Global Warming
Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases by using the technology, know-how, and practical solutions already at our disposal.
Tropical deforestation is the largest source of emissions for many developing countries, but slowing deforestation can’t solve the climate problem by itself. As forest-rich developing countries step up to take responsibility for reducing their emissions, all industrialized nations should not only support their efforts but, most importantly, reduce their own emissions and lead efforts to avert dangerous climate change.
For years we have heard so much about the causes of climate change, that we’ve missed the fact that there are simple, practical solutions that can slow this growing problem. Technologies exist today that can cut emissions of heat-trapping gases and make a real difference in the health of our planet. And these solutions will be good for our economy, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and enhance our energy security.
Global warming doesn’t just mean balmy February days in northern climes. It also means increasingly hot days in the summer, and a host of negative impacts that are already under way and are expected to intensify in the
coming decades.
-More heat waves will likely increase the risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths.
-Cities and towns along the nation’s major rivers will experience more severe and frequent flooding.
-Some areas will likely experience more extensive and prolonged droughts.
-Some of our favorite coastal and low-lying vacation areas, such as parts of the Florida Keys and Cape Cod, will be much less appealing as sea levels rise, dunes erode, and the areas become more vulnerable to coastal storms.
-Many families and businesses, who have made their living from fishing, farming, and tourism could lose their livelihoods, and others who love hunting, boating, skiing, birdwatching, and just relaxing near lakes, streams, and wetlands will see some of their favorite places irretrievably changed.
The solutions to climate change are here and it’s time we put them to use. If we get started today we can tackle this problem and decrease the unpleasant outcomes that await us if we do nothing. The steps we need to take are common sense. And, more often than not, they will save consumers money. The cost of inaction, however, is unacceptably high.
The scientific consensus is in. Our planet is warming, and we are helping make it happen by adding more heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), to the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuel (oil, coal, and natural gas) alone accounts for about 75 percent of annual CO2 emissions from human activities. Deforestation—the cutting and burning of forests that trap and store carbon—accounts for about another 20 percent.
Procrastination is not an option. Scientists agree that if we wait 10, 20, or 50 years, the problem will be much more difficult to address and the consequences for us will be that much more serious.
We’re treating our atmosphere like we once did our rivers. We used to dump waste thoughtlessly into our waterways, believing that they were infinite in their capacity to hold rubbish. But when entire fisheries were poisoned and rivers began to catch fire, we realized what a horrible mistake that was.
Our atmosphere has limits too. CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years. The longer we keep polluting, the longer it will take to recover and the more irreversible damage will be done.
Fuel-efficient vehicles. Renewable energy. Protecting threatened forests. These common sense solutions won’t only reduce global warming, many will save us money and create new business opportunities.
Best of all, these solutions exist now. We just need to insist that business and government take the necessary steps to make them available and affordable. Then we have to let consumers know what to do and provide incentives to help all of us make better choices.
The following five sensible steps are available today and can have an enormous impact on the problem CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years.

CONTOH PIDATO TENTANG KEBUDAYAAN

Good evening my beloved Teacher and Friends,
Syalom.
First, we must give thanks to God, cause we can together again in this moment and share about “The Influence of Foreign Culture to Indonesian Culture”.
First, I will explain about the meaning of culture. Do you know the meaning of culture? Culture means life method which grow up on the society area which heir by generations to generations. There are 2 kinds of culture, foreign culture and Original culture.
Foreign culture is a culture from the other countries which included to our original country by “Global Crisis”. And the Original culture is culture from our original country which the culture had already mixed with our soul, by our daily activities.
As we had already known, so many foreign cultures be included to Indonesia, just like the religion, politic system, knowledges, art and much more. There are 2 factors which influencing Indonesian to follow the foreign culture, they are external and internal factors. External factor come from other people like friends, family, and some mediator. Internal factor come from yourself.
Foreign cultures which spread in Indonesia make some positive impacts. For the example, foreign cultures makes Indonesian’s economic system go forward, by bright cooperation with other countries. Foreign cultures makes Indonesian teenagers more clever too by students exchange. So, many Indonesian teenagers can study to other countries and make them more clever, because they can learn from the other people outside.
But in other side, it makes some negative impacts too, especially for Indonesian teenagers. Now so many Indonesian teenagers love modern music, which brought by foreign cultures. And they forgot Indonesian traditional music, one by one and step by step. And, Can’t you see that? Foreign culture almost changes all about Indonesian’s life style too, from clothes, attitude, mind, and more again. So many Children, acting like adults. Whereas, acting like an adult, will make them look like “fools” right? Why not? It cause they’re still children! Acting like adults will make them lose their childhood, their imagination. Even though, they want that.

Now, how to solve this problem? I mean the negative impact?

Yes that’s right! we must be clever to filter which one the good and bad foreign cultures. But, we also SHOULD NOT forget Indonesian cultures too. And we must be constant to preserve Indonesian cultures, so that, our generations don’t forget it too. And, For all parents, please, don’t force your child to become mature, before the time. But, how if our children want to become mature before the time? You can teach them to be mature step by step with the good steps, of course.
How can us do that? The most important things, we must teach them about our original culture too, so that, our children can preserve it too to their generations.
Okay, I think that’s all my speech about “The Influence of Foreign Culture to Indonesian Culture”. Thankyou for your attention, I hope my speech will increase the preserve of Indonesian cultures and make Indonesian people more clever to filter the foreign cultures which spread in Indonesia. Good Evening

CONTOH PIDATO TENTANG LINGKUNGAN
Assalamu ‘alaikum wr. Wb
Good Afternoon,
Honorable all the juries and the committee of this English speech contest.
First of all, let’s thank to Allah SWT who has given us many mercies and blessing so we
can join this program without any troubles. Secondly, I would like to introduce myself.
My name is ……. I am a student of …..
Well, ladies and gentlemen, in this occasion I would like to tell you about environment.
Environment is everything around us. Environment consists of two main parts which are
biotic and a biotic environment. Biotic environment is everything around us which are
live, for example plants, animals and human beings. While a biotic environment is
everything around us which are not live, for example stone, water, wind, land and etc.
We must protect our environment as good as possible because it can influence our live.
As we know that Indonesia has many tropical forests and it is a source of nature which
can help people live peacefully. So as human being we should preserve the forest.
There are some efforts which should be done by all people:
1. Not cutting down the trees in the forest
2. Planting any kinds of trees in the barren area of the forest
Cutting down the trees in the forest can cause many disasters for human beings. Of
course it can cause flood because the rain water can’t be absorbed by the root of plants so
the water flows directly to the ground. There are many damage caused by the flood,
many people being homeless because of flood, the flood kill many kinds of pet, many
factories can’t produce anything, transportation can’t run well because the bridge is
broken and so on. How horrified the flood is…!!
Actually, the disasters above can be minimized if all of human beings can preserve our
environment and we must pay more attention to the environment whenever and
wherever. We must not throw away rubbish anywhere which can disturb the flowing of
the river water. We should plant any kinds of trees in the barren area or in side of the
road.
By doing those simple efforts, it means we have participated in the preservation of our
environment.
I think that’s all and thank you very much for your attention.
Wassalamu ‘alaikum wr. Wb

Contoh Naskah Pidato Bahasa Inggris Tentang Internet 

Assalamualaikum wr.wb

First, I want to say thank you to Allah SWT, who give me a time to speech in this special moment. Also to Prophet Muhammad, his families, and his friends.

To the teachers who I respect, to my beloved friend, and everyone who attending in this place, thank you very much to give me time so I can stand up here in front all of you to deliver a speech.

The Internet is one of the results of social change in technological advancements. The Internet is a collection of computer networks connecting academic sites, government, commercial, organizational and individual
Currently, Indonesia is a country the 5th largest Internet users in Asia with 12.5 percent of the population to 25 million people use the Internet in Indonesia. Its position is behind China which was ranked first (338 million users), Japan (94 million), India (81 million), South Korea (37.5 million). That means almost everyone knows and can use the Internet, from elementary school children to the elderly, even though no stranger to the Internet.

For the students the Internet is very important to find some tasks that may not have a nature book. Did you know? Internet has a negative impact are:
1. Eyestrain (Voltage Eye)
The disease is caused by your eyes too often in front of the monitor. This disease makes your eyes tight and sore. For the eyes do not feel sick perbanyaklah see a green environment (naturally) after you indulge in front of the monitor screen
2. Discomgoogolation
Is feeling stress and anxiety when unable to immediately connect with the access information quickly. Discomgoogolationsendiri is a combination of Discombobulate which means frustrated or confused. While the word 'googolation' supposedly taken from the term googling or searching for information via Google search engine.
3. Lack of socialization with the environment
This impact of too frequent and too old to play the internet. It's quite alarming for the development of the social life of the child. They are supposed to learn socialization with the environment even more to spend more time in cyberspace with friends who average facebooknya discuss something that is not important. As a result the child's verbal abilities declined. Of course autism is here not in the literal sense.
4. Reduced learning time
It is obvious, especially if you only play online games facebook or will reduce the time to learn. Because with online time will tersa quickly because it was too busy.
5. Disrupting health
Too much hanging out in front of the monitor without doing any activity, sport has never really at risk for health. Disease will be easy to come. Late irregular eating and sleeping. Obesity (overweight), stomach diseases (gastrointestinal), and eye disease are health problems most likely to occur.

Therefore, use the intenet in moderation, because excessive something is not good. Use the internet for good things not for bad things that could plunge us into a negative world. As students we also need to choose the appropriate content to our age.
A few of my apologize if there are mistakes and shortcomings, because perfection belongs only to Allah. Thank you for your attention.

Wassalamualaikum wr.wb.

Contoh Pidato Bahasa Inggris Tentang Korupsi

The honourable, the adjudicators of this speech contest.

Honourable , all of participants of this speech contest.

Ladies and gentleman.

Good Morning
Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabaraktuhu

First of all , I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the organizing committee who has given me this opportunity to deliver a speech on " developing national identity without corruption and lying .

Ladies and gentleman

It would be nice before explaining national identity, we’ve know our identity as a citizen of the state itself . Actually a lot of the uniqueness of our society , such as hospitality and attitude of helping others this community . Not only that , in fact , there are many others which may not be explained one by one .

Actually National Identity itself , is a noble personality which is based on the norms , morals , and religion . This national identity has been existed since this nation was born until today.

But unfortunately , the national identity is now damaged by the dirty hands of the politicians of this country . Many of them waving party flags and they are leaves the red - white , they are only concerned with the affairs of his own stomach . By doing many ways they divide this beloved nation , pot calling the kettle , justice can be bought with money , the poor was defeated in the courtroom , even corruption had reached the peak of awesomeness . It's very tragic the fate of our nation .

Ladies and gentleman

In situations like this we would need to think to return the dignity of the nation , in order not to late to sink in the current government. Where basic of  PANCASILA fighters once made ​​our nation ? ? ? They painstakingly fought for this nation , it is now destroyed itself by the leaders of the country . And if the nation itself is destructive , whether we as a people able to expel its own nation ? ? ? Perhaps only with a strong commitment and high awareness that could be the right way to rebuild the national identity which has lost, together with a commitment to raise the dignity of the people who are afflicted by a lack of morals in this country , until finally one day create a objectives of the nation ,a nation that is peaceful , and certainly a developed nation .

Then , What must we do as a student ? Build a sense of national identity should be applied in a student environment . starting with small things ,such as training to build national identity without corruption and lying must be tought to every student about corruption or prohibition to lie to others . Because once a person lies then he would lie to cover up another lies .

Then it's also not only to students but to the government as the sole supporter of education Indonesia . Education in Indonesia is more emphasis on the cognitive dimension of the intelligent of human beings and  skilled , Not surprisingly, when the lies , manipulation , corruption , greed , collusion , nepotism , and a series of other events are always colored the news in this country .

Corruption has many disadvantages to this nation , the people's money stolen by rats tie , not only a thousand or two thousands they steal , but billions ! This is because the lack of character education is given early .

 Ladies and Gentleman

Why should be taught them early ? Because , holy identity is brought by human nature since he was born . Humans are born with purity, calmness, even an innocence , without shackled by the ghost of lies and there is no desire to do anything negative at all . But it will be decorated by the things that accompany life when they are growing up , this is where the future looks a quality , basic character , attitude , behavior and its uniqueness. Finding identity itself is like finding a map of life , which we already know where we will be brought . we also already have a definite direction and know where that is suited for us . That is why it must be taught early about it .

Therefore , we are as young generations must take firm action on ourselves and pressed on us that we have to train ourselves to always be honest in all actions and keep away from the corruption . Therefore, one day if we are as a nation can build this nation with the best - well with honesty and peace . Thus , what we coveted all to return to the national identity is the way to build the individual character of the nation . In an effort to build character and national identity which is none other than Pancasila . That is why education should be able to ground the character Pancasila values ​​in daily life . Knowledge is power , character is more . This is where the important role and our responsibility as a nation .

Allright , Ladies and Gentleman

Maybe that's all that I can say , forgive when I’ve mistakes . thank you for attention .

Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu

Contoh Naskah Pidato Tentang HIV/AIDS | English Version

Contoh Naskah Pidato Tentang HIV/AIDS (English Version)


HIV / AIDS who have been with us for about two decades, remains a problem that continues to be avoided from all of us. We are and have made some progress in understanding these challenges, but the long road we have yet to encounter.

Although people from all walks of life who have contracted AIDS, but the most vulnerable in our society is part of the poor, the illiterate, women and children who bear most of the burden of the HIV epidemic.

Against HIV / AIDS in South Africa has become more complex over 10 years. We are no longer only dealing with information and awareness, but with people who are faced with the reality of living with the disease. They do not know their HIV status. Some of them had been sick but they did not know that their illnesses associated with HIV / AIDS. And even if they know or suspect, they are reluctant to come and talk about their condition.

I stand before you today to further strengthen our partnership in responding to this major challenge, especially the stigma that continues attributed to him. We ask that you partner because we know that every South African citizen, every leader, the priest of the special and unique to play a role in combating HIV infection and treating people with HIV / AIDS.

Religion has always played the role of caring for people who are weak and need support. Care was given not limited to a message of hope and spiritual welfare. But you have been able to do these programs really make a difference in the lives of those who need care, especially in children. I believe that our religion can play a major role in combating the stigma associated with HIV / AIDS and encourage a positive attitude and live among those infected and affected.

To ensure the general direction of the call for partnership, we did a development of Five Year Strategic Plan for South Africa, in 2000 in collaboration with all key stakeholders, including faith-based sectors. This is a broad national strategic plan designed to guide the country from the response to HIV / AIDS. The plan outlines four priorities, namely: (1) Prevention, (2) Care and Support, (3) Research, and and (4) Human Rights.

There should be no doubt that the faith-based communities have a central role to play in the implementation of this plan. There are many examples of how faith is the sector responding or may respond to these challenges. I want to raise the discussion at least four key roles that faith-based organizations and individual members of organizations that can play in responding to HIV / AIDS.

With regard to education, we can:

• Identify resources for prevention and education models
• Strengthen HIV / AIDS through family enrichment
• Increase HIV / AIDS through youth programs - to build a strong foundation on s*xuality, adult and responsible for the marriage, the appreciation of youth.

In advocacy, we can:

• Campaign against discrimination
• Work with government in achieving cost-effective level of health care, especially home-based care
• Looking for ways to protect the interests of especially women and children

In worship, we can

* Create an annual National Day of Prayer and Healing for all people affected by the epidemic
* Create inter Day of Prayer and Healing
* Providing care that involves encouraging and supporting those infected and affected
* Promoting 'Family helpers' for people who lost a parent or guardian
* Take part in providing hospital care that may include:

o Visit the house to remind each other

o Meeting the physical needs of food, clothing, medical attention

o Assistance in planning for the future of families, especially children

o Support for children orphaned

o Assist with basic household activities such as shopping, cleaning the house or wash clothes

All consultations and AIDS in Africa held in Kampala in April 1994 that "Call to Action" was developed and signed. Similarly, "A commitment on HIV / AIDS by those who believe", was signed in Washington in the same year. I will like to quote at least one part of our commitment to this statement, and I:

"We are called by God to affirm a life of hope and healing in the midst of HIV / AIDS. Our tradition calls us to realize and express hope, and to celebrate life and healing in the midst of suffering."

For that, we must send a positive message about HIV / AIDS.Kita need to tell the people that just because you are HIV positive today, does not mean you will get AIDS and die tomorrow. The main factors such as poverty, high rates of child malnutrition, particularly vitamin A and iodine deficiencies and other shortcomings have a major impact on the way to full development of AIDS.

We must tell those who are infected and affected by HIV to eat nutritious foods, they manage the stress, there was soon treating s*xual infections including infection and use condoms, they can live longer and lead a healthy and productive lives for years.

We need to use this opportunity to express our response to AIDS:

* We are called to love
* We are called to be compassionate and care
* We must commit ourselves to public speaking and promoting the prevention of HIV / AIDS
* We must encourage and provide care for those infected and affected
* We must fight discrimination and stigma of sin
* We must work together with other sectors of society to seek ways to eliminate poverty

I believe that if we could leave this conference with a strong re-affirmation as a faith-based leaders of this country, we will be able to provide hope for the faith community and to society as a whole: It's in the spirit of love, compassion and care, through collective efforts to confront and discrimination and challenge each of us to empower those who believe we can overcome many challenges to HIV / AIDS.

Contoh Pidato Tentang Narkoba
Good afternoon.

I would like to thank for all the attendees who have provided an opportunity for me to stand in this pulpit. Let us give thanks to God for the permission so we are able to follow this great event.

Drug is a term that is so popular in Indonesia and the world. In Indonesian, we know drugs as Narkoba which stands for narcotic, psychotropic and addictive. Drugs are commonly known as shabu and ectasy. Both substances are widely used by middle and high school students. However, many adults also consume it, because we often see on the television that adults are arrested by the police because they were using ectasy.

Drug manufacturers realize that consumers do not like the expensive price. Therefore, in order to promote the drug wider, then a lot of low-grade heroin is produced. Even though known as heroin, it has lower-priced, and may also give the death effect to the drug user.

The presence of drugs that have a low price can be seen in a lot of places. At the first time, we encounter drug users only in nightclubs or discotheques, now they are increasingly widespread. You can find low-grade heroin even in isolated villages. It proves that drug users continue to increase every year and this is a terrible fact.

Of course, a very broad spread of drug impact on all circle of life. Currently, the youth with the teen years are wasted their life by taking drugs. They use drugs for many reasons. Most young people who use drugs are the teenagers who do not get the attention of their parents. Somewhere in Indonesia, the data showed that three out of ten young people are drug users. Meanwhile, the data for all of the area in Indonesia shows that from the 50 Indonesian is at least one person ever tasted the drug.

A study conducted by the ILO or the International Labor Organization said that about 4 percent of drug users in Indonesia is a juvenile under the age of 17 years. It is a fact that we should ponder. Indonesia is a big country and has the potency to become a developed country. But how Indonesia can be a developed country if its young people use drugs?

In fact, several teens are involved in the manufacture and trade of the drugs even when they were 13 or 15 years old. The fact is reinforced by the statement of National Narcotics Coordinating Agency which revealed that drug users Indonesia numbered about 7,000 from junior high school students, more than 10,000 from senior high school students, and about 800 from elementary school students. The data is very poor and I personally will not able to imagine if the drug use continues to rise again and again.

Besides the affordable prices, what really makes the students in Indonesian are easy to get drugs? People who use drugs usually want to have fun or escape from the problems of life. Most likely, the students in Indonesia use drugs because they are ostracized by their families or their families are broken home. Thus, they are reluctant to stay at home and prefer to have fun by using drugs.

Besides those reasons, students can use drugs easily because a number of merchants are closely to the schools to deceive, to coerce, or to give the drugs freely for the students around the school. When the students are addicted to drugs, then the merchant will not allow them to get it free. They have to buy with the high prices.

All the facts that I have given you, have shown that the drug is very close to the lives of us especially the young people. In fact, when people consume drugs consistently, the brain function can be damaged and certainly exacerbate the future.

Let us keep ourselves and our families from illegal drugs. When you have a teenager, then pay attention to their physical and spiritual needs as well. Never give them the opportunity to use drugs.

Those are the facts and the suggestions that I can tell, I apologize if there are mistakes in speaking. I thank you for your attention.